Introduction

Heart and artery diseases are the leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 17 million people die annually due to cardiovascular diseases. In Saudi Arabia, statistics indicate that a large proportion of adults are at risk of heart disease due to high rates of diabetes, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity. The good news is that 80% of these diseases can be prevented by lifestyle changes.

What Are Heart and Artery Diseases?

The term “heart and artery diseases” encompasses several conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. The most common is atherosclerosis, where fats and cholesterol build up on the walls of the arteries, causing them to narrow. This can lead to heart attacks or strokes. Other conditions include heart failure (weakening of the heart muscle) and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat).

Causes and Risk Factors in Saudi Society

Key risk factors prevalent in Saudi Arabia:

  • Diabetes: Saudi Arabia has one of the highest diabetes rates globally, increasing the risk of heart disease by 2-4 times.
  • High blood pressure: More than a quarter of adults in Saudi Arabia suffer from high blood pressure, with many unaware of their condition.
  • High cholesterol: Due to unhealthy eating patterns and high saturated fat intake.
  • Smoking: Nearly a quarter of Saudi men smoke, and smoking directly damages the arteries.
  • Obesity and inactivity: Over 60% of Saudis are overweight or obese.
  • Genetic factors: A family history of heart disease increases the risk.

Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Heart disease symptoms vary depending on the condition, but the most common include:

  • Pain or pressure in the center of the chest
  • Shortness of breath even with mild exertion
  • Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Swelling in the feet and ankles
  • Unexplained fatigue

Important note: Heart attack symptoms may differ between men and women. Women may experience nausea or pain in the back or jaw instead of the traditional chest pain.

How to Protect Your Heart: 7 Practical Steps

  1. Get tested: Have regular check-ups for blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol, especially after age 35. The Saudi Ministry of Health offers free screenings at health centers.
  2. Eat healthily: Reduce salt, sugar, and saturated fats. Increase vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Olive oil and fatty fish (salmon and tuna) are excellent for heart health.
  3. Move daily: Walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week, reduces the risk of heart disease by 30%. Try walking in air-conditioned malls or nearby parks.
  4. Quit smoking: After one year of quitting, the risk of heart disease drops by half. Saudi Arabia offers free smoking cessation clinics.
  5. Maintain a healthy weight: A healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. Obesity puts extra strain on the heart.
  6. Sleep well: Poor sleep is linked to high blood pressure and increased stress hormones that harm the heart.
  7. Manage stress: Chronic stress raises cortisol levels and increases inflammation in the body. Try deep breathing, exercise, or hobbies.

Health Initiatives in Saudi Arabia

As part of Vision 2030, the Kingdom has launched several initiatives to promote heart health, including the “Healthy Heart” awareness campaign, an early screening program for chronic diseases at primary care centers, an anti-smoking initiative, and the “Sehati” app for booking routine check-ups and monitoring health indicators.

Conclusion

Heart and artery health is not a matter of chance but the result of daily choices. With God’s will, adopting a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Are heart diseases hereditary?
A: Yes, having a family history increases the risk, but a healthy lifestyle can greatly reduce this risk.

Q: When do I need to visit a cardiologist?
A: If you feel chest pain or shortness of breath or palpitations, or if you are over 40 and have risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension.

Q: Does a cholesterol test require fasting?
A: Some types require fasting for 9-12 hours. Consult your doctor or laboratory before the test.

Q: What is the difference between ordinary heart pain and acidity pain?
A: Heart pain often increases with effort and decreases with rest, while acidity pain increases after eating and disappears with antacids. But do not take risks – any chest pain requires medical examination.

Q: Is coffee harmful to the heart?
A: No, moderate coffee consumption (2-3 cups per day) may be beneficial due to antioxidants. But excessive consumption temporarily raises heartbeats.

Q: Is exercise safe for heart patients?
A: Yes, but after consulting a doctor. Walking, swimming, and cycling are suitable activities for most heart patients.