Obesity is a major health problem facing Saudi society and is considered one of the most prominent health challenges in the Kingdom. According to the World Health Organization, global obesity rates have doubled since 1990, and Saudi Arabia is among the countries where the percentage has risen significantly. In this article, we provide you with a comprehensive guide on the causes of obesity, treatment methods, and how to prevent it.

What is Obesity?

Obesity is the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the body, which negatively impacts health. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to determine obesity, where a person is considered obese if their BMI is 30 or higher. Obesity is not just about weight gain; it is a chronic disease that increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer.

Causes of Obesity in Saudi Arabia

  • Lack of Physical Activity: A sedentary lifestyle and increased screen time are among the main causes.
  • Unhealthy Dietary Habits: Frequent consumption of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages.
  • Genetic Factors: Some individuals have a genetic predisposition to obesity.
  • Psychological Factors: Stress and anxiety can sometimes lead to emotional eating.
  • Lack of Health Awareness: Not knowing the correct methods for balanced nutrition.

Health Complications of Obesity

Obesity increases the risk of many chronic diseases, including:

  • Type 2 Diabetes: 80% of diabetes patients suffer from overweight or obesity.
  • Heart and Arterial Diseases: Obesity raises blood pressure and harmful cholesterol.
  • Joint Problems: Excessive pressure on the knees and back leads to arthritis.
  • Sleep Disorders: Such as sleep apnea.
  • Certain Types of Cancer: Such as colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer.

Obesity Treatment Methods

1. Lifestyle Modification

The primary treatment for obesity begins with changing one’s lifestyle: adopting a balanced healthy diet, gradually reducing calories, and increasing physical activity (such as walking for at least 30 minutes daily). The Saudi Ministry of Health provides awareness programs through the “Live Healthily” platform to help citizens improve their lifestyles.

2. Medical Treatment

In moderate to severe cases, a doctor may prescribe weight-loss medications. These medications are used only under medical supervision due to potential side effects. It is important to know that medications are not a magical solution but a supplement to lifestyle changes.

3. Surgical Intervention

Obesity surgeries (such as gastric sleeve and bypass) are available in Saudi Arabia in both public and private hospitals. To qualify for surgery, the Body Mass Index must be 40 or higher, or 35 with accompanying conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Saudi hospitals like King Faisal Specialist Hospital and King Fahad Medical City offer these services according to international standards.

Obesity Prevention

Prevention is better than cure, and here are practical tips to avoid obesity:

  • Eat a balanced diet that includes vegetables, fruits, and healthy protein.
  • Reduce sugary drinks and added sugars.
  • Exercise regularly, even if it’s just daily walking.
  • Sleep 7-8 hours daily. Lack of sleep is linked to weight gain.
  • Avoid emotional eating and find healthy ways to manage stress.
  • Monitor your weight regularly and don’t wait until you reach obesity.

Obesity Treatment Services in Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Ministry of Health offers several services for obesity patients, including:

  • Obesity clinics in government hospitals.
  • Awareness programs via the “Live Healthily” platform.
  • Support for bariatric surgeries for eligible cases.
  • Therapeutic nutrition clinics.
  • Regular check-ups to detect obesity-related diseases early.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a normal body mass index (BMI)?

A normal BMI ranges between 18.5 and 24.9. A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, and 30 or above is considered obesity.

Is gastric sleeve surgery covered in Saudi Arabia?

Yes, bariatric surgeries are covered under the government health insurance for eligible cases. They are also available in private hospitals through private medical insurance.

How long does it take to lose weight after changing lifestyle habits?

Healthy weight loss is typically 0.5-1 kg per week. Rapid weight loss is unhealthy and usually unsustainable.

Is obesity hereditary?

Genetic factors play a role, but lifestyle remains the most important factor. Even with a genetic predisposition, you can control your weight through proper nutrition and exercise.

What is the best exercise for weight loss?

The best exercise is one you enjoy and can stick with. Fast walking, swimming, cycling, and resistance training are all effective for burning calories and building muscle.

Related topics: Type 2 Diabetes | Healthy Nutrition | Benefits of Walking